The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.